Example of the Stages of Building Maintenance

Building careTable of Contentss Abstraction Introduction DEFINITION OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE SCOPE OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE WORK Preventive care: Day to twenty-four hours fixs: Emergency fixs: Servicing plants: Minor plants: Designation of Possible Defects Defect Due to Dampness Cracks in walls: Rising Damp: Cracks in Structural Components: 1: Stains & A ; Moulds on the Cantilever ceiling: 2: Mounds found of external wall: 3: Cracks in howitzer articulations: 4: White discolorations on lower degree of Inner wall: 5: Dark stains & A ; fungus/moulds on the entryway manner: 6: Roof Gutter Collapsed: 7: Cracks within the Floor: Designation of Maintenance Generator Remedial Measures for the defects identified DecisionAbstractionThis study is based on the planning facet of the edifice. Planing a edifice is an imagitavie procedure, building the edifice is the realisation of the dreams of an designer, but the care of the edifice makes it worthy of its functional usage for which it is designed. A decently maintained edifice is an immoveable plus of an person. The primary of a edifice is to supply precautions to its dwellers against external conditions conditions, against the scorching Sun & A ; thundering rain, etc. To utilize the maximal potency of a edifice, it should hold to be decently maintained. Each & A ; every edifice has a continuance which is like 30 – 40 old ages. As per the external conditions conditions & A ; type of use of edifice & A ; its functionality decides how long a edifice can prolong itself. A edifice is a non- life thing, it can non mend itself. For this an effectual maintained unit should be placed. Besides periodic visit of an designer along with MEP adviser s hould be done to look into any mishappening. This study is prepared based upon the templet of indentifying the defects in the Architecture edifice, done with the aid of ocular photographic certification. This study will cover the elaborate & A ; elaborated survey of the assorted edifice defects happening in assorted parts of architecture edifice. Detailed survey of defects, its causes every bit good as its redresss are to be provided in this study. The study will besides speak about designation of a future care generator.IntroductionA edifice comprised of structural burden bearing units like foundations, beams, columns, floors & A ; slabs. These are the parts which require thorough idea design, an effectual procedure of building carried out as per the structural demands & A ; recommendations of the structural applied scientist & A ; last but non the least, a proper in topographic point care system to maximise the life of such structural units. Other than structural units, a edifice has non- burden bearing constituents which comprises of walls, external facing done for aesthetical intent, shocking & A ; false ceiling etc. These are the constituents of the edifices which are to be designed by the designer & A ; constructed by the civil applied scientist. Other than this, a MEP adviser is to be hired to overlook the integrating of architecture, construction & A ; services. The architecture edifice of the University of Newcastle is constructing made in Brick tile. The architecture edifice is a land + 2 floor edifice, has studio suites, category suites, conference hall, etc. The usage of wood as a inveighing stuff is a distinctive feature of the edifice.DEFINITION OF BUILDING MAINTENANCECare of a edifice cost more than building it. Proper care of care is a word picture of love & A ; attention for the infinite we are utilizing. Be it our place, our university, our office composite etc. There are certain parametric quantities which define how & A ; up to which restri ct a edifice should be maintained. a edifice decently maintained so that it provides its users safety & A ; security against external conditions.SCOPE OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE WORKHarmonizing to Burgess & A ; White ( 1979 ) , care work of a edifice is divided into two parts. The really first is explicating a planned plan comprising of betterment every bit good as redevelopment in a edifice. The range of this betterment & A ; redevelopment is chiefly due to sudden failure in the assorted public presentation standards of a edifice. Five major types of care plants are elaborated by Burgess & A ; White. Following the chief types of care plants: – Preventive care: This includes minimal preventative steps done at an early phase of defect sensing. The stating or bar is better than remedy is the footing of this type of care work. Like keeping the roof prior to the rainy season is an activity of such type of work. Day to twenty-four hours fixs: This fix is the most of import type of care carried out by the house lady of the edifice or the individuals engaged in edifice care. Emergency fixs: Certain fixs are to be done on an exigency footing. The toppling of a wall, bending of a roof, moistness of wall or roof etc are the illustration of such sort exigency fixs. Servicing plants: This fix is done on a periodic footing. Normally a edifice requires painting & A ; cleaning work on a annual footing. The care of roof against the moistness & A ; escape against H2O ooze is to be done one time in two old ages. Minor plants: Such sort of plants includes minor repairing of assorted constituents of constructing like doors, Windowss, healthful plants etc. This range of this study includes elaborate designation of defects done through templet & A ; the solutions of such sort of solutions to be done for care. Both the major every bit good minor defects are to be identified along with their solutions. All the remedial solutions are to be based on a proper constructional technique to be used among the Australian peninsula.Designation of Possible DefectsFor an architectural edifice of the University of Newcastle or for any edifice assorted defects can happen sing the age group of the edifice. A building defect can render the edifice insecure & A ; can put on the line the lives of the people utilizing the edifice. A damaged/collapsed edifice will non merely ensue in loss of money but consequences in a loss to the society by the danger posed by the edifice. This besides consequences in loss of money in mending the edifice etc. A building defect is different from the usual clip bound defect caused in any edifice due to aging. The clip edge de fect depends upon the lastingness & A ; workability of the structural constituents of the edifice. The following are the general type of defects common in all edifice due to constructional failure, structural failure or design failure. Defect Due to Dampness: The addition in wet content in the dirt every bit good as in the air, can consequences in moistness of the walls, if moist proofing class is non used, provided at the pedestal of the edifice. To minimise the ooze of H2O through capillary action organize the dirt, a moist proofing class is to be given beneath all the walls excepting the door gaps. Cracks in walls: Due to shrinkage consequence of the bomber dirt, walls tend to develop cleft all along the length of wall. This cleft is a consequence of settling consequence of the bomber dirt, due to which a part of a wall tends to switch downwards, ensuing in clefts. Proper dirt trial all at major junctions of walls, foundations & A ; columns are to be conducted to avoid such sort of clefts. Rising Damp: Due to the failure of moist cogent evidence class beneath the plinth protection of the edifice, moistness rises to the wall, making a white pulverization like surfacing on the walls above the pigments. The moistness causes major populating conditions jobs to the dwellers of the edifice, particularly if the site of the edifice is non opened from any side. Cracks in Structural Components: The foundations, columns, roofs & A ; beams are the parts of structural stableness of the edifice. Cracks develop due to permeableness of concrete, thermic motion which takes topographic point within the concrete & A ; steel etc. Proper structural every bit good as architectural design along the building to be done as per edifice norms is a solution to avoid the clefts. The prostration of edifice due to clefts in structural constituents is unsafe the lives of the people. A edifice such as Architectural College of the University of Newcastle, which is a G+ 2 construction, will hold some general type of defects including both building defect every bit good as age edge defect. Following types of defects have been identified in the edifice of architectural college of the Newcastle University: 1: Stains & A ; Moulds on the Cantilever ceiling: This defect found in the external corridor of the land degree of architecture edifice due to miss of care every bit good as non functional use of the ceiling visible radiations. The redress for this sort of defect will be proper cleanliness to be carried out along all the corridor of the edifice peculiarly for the ceiling of corridor. Using the light fixtures during dark may turn out to be the best solution which will guarantee care. 2: Mounds found of external wall: Due to increase in wet content & A ; breakage of moist cogent evidence class beneath the pedestal of the edifice, moistness rises on the external wall which is along the south side of edifice. It is of import to observe that. Although the south side gets maximal Sun, but due to dampness, mould can still be found. Proper landscaping strategy is besides to be formulated which can ensue in incursion of sunbeams up till the wall. 3: Cracks in howitzer articulations: Vertical clefts are seen on the wall around the first assistance child located at land floor of the architecture edifice. The possible cause of these clefts is the shrinking in the Sue dirt due to increase in wet content. Soil proving to be done on an immediate footing, which will quantify the shrinking happening in the bomber dirt. Coating of H2O proofing Si bed is to be done on an pressing footing all along the walls of the land floor. 4: White discolorations on lower degree of Inner wall: These white discolorations are the consequence of combination of termite action & A ; moistness. With addition in Dampness, termite & A ; other insects grows which hampers the open cements howitzer in the brickwork. Anti- termite spray along with H2O cogent evidence Si pigment is to make be done on pressing footing. 5: Dark stains & A ; fungus/moulds on the entryway manner: The non- usage of any infinite within the edifice is the greatest enemy which renders the edifice prone to multiple defects. By the photographic observation, it seems that the entryway is non of much usage by the pupils every bit good as staff of the college. Lack of care is straight seeable from the exposure. Proper cleansing is required, with encouragement needed to utilize this infinite. 6: Roof Gutter Collapsed: The technique of supplying trough for taking the rain H2O from the roof is an old technique that requires periodic betterment. Chocking of trough will ensue in accretion of H2O through the roof. 7: Cracks within the Floor: Due to tension turning with the concrete in the absence of enlargement articulations or any other articulations.Designation of Maintenance GeneratorThe Architecture edifice has many care generators. The care generators are those factors which act as an external factor upon edifice constituents. Due to Dampness, white pulverization like substance gets accumulated on the articulations of the walls, Due to termite action, doors & A ; wooden Windowss becomes hollow from indoors, such factors are called as care generators. Certain care generators are found within the edifice, which can be prevented by taking immediate action & A ; by commanding the proper use & A ; functionality of the edifice. Addition in Moisture Non use of certain edifice parts like the entryway of the architectural edifice Shrinking of bomber dirt Orientation of the edifice ( South facade of the edifice gets maximal Sun but still shows mark of moistness ) Functional infinite allotment Proper care to be doneRemedial Measures for the defects identifiedWith the nature of defect & A ; use of edifice, the nature of redress will differ. For the defects like perpendicular & A ; horizontal clefts, certain building techniques are to be followed which was non practiced earlier during the clip of building. Following steps are to be provided against some general defects found in the architectural edifice: – Dampness Redress: To avoid moistness doing failing of critical edifice constituents, following techniques are to be used:Provision of get bying rock to be done on all wall parapets.The incline of get bying rock should be inside the, towards roof non on the exterior.R.C.C. protective round gola should be made on all the corners & A ; junctions of the roof & A ; wall.The oral cavity of rainwater pipe should be sealed with H2O proofing sealer.Water proofing of crystalline Si is to be done on all the walls, to be done regularly twice a twelvemonth.Crack Redress: For look intoing against the perpendicular cleft, developed in the brick wall, sulphate content of the brick is to be checked, so that it does non respond with wet over a period of clip & A ; causes flower, which is the deposition of sulfate salt over the brick.For the clefts developed in concrete construction, following redress should be used against each peculiar type of cleft:for bar against shrinking of the bomber dirt, found ations is to be taken every bit much deep as possible to supply a amalgamate difficult province of stones to rest upon & A ; reassign the burden every bit on the bouldery interior surface of the Earth.Site sloped should be decently calculated, designed & A ; maintained.Damp H2O proofing is to be done in dual bed for sites where the land H2O tabular array is much higher.Overloading of any sort should non be entrained, for each burden there should be an structural constituents to bear its burden.Expansion spreads to be provided in roofs every bit good as floors for tenseness & A ; compaction actions in the concrete every bit good as steel.Alternate Method with Cost EstimationTo supply a cost effectual redress for any defect, will turn out to be sustainable in nature when the cost appraisal is to be concerned. Common method of bar & A ; protection of the assorted edifice defects are possible which are really cost effectual. It used locally available redresss, therefore cut downing the dependences on the high tech chemicals & A ; machine intensive plants for assorted defect. Use of landscape which repels the white ants & A ; insects is an first-class method to look into the termite action with the edifice. Such workss are to be planted in thrower plantation owner & A ; placed all along the external wall. It will besides heighten the aesthetical quality of the infinite along with supplying safety from insects & A ; termite. To forestall the wet content in the bomber dirt near the plinth country of edifice, workss necessitating more H2O are to be used as landscape elements. Plants like cactus & A ; other desert plantation owners can be used.Short & A ; Long Term Maintenance PlanShort & A ; Long term care program comprises of redress for assorted type of plants to be done under care direction. Prevention against moistness, molds, slickness, paying attending to the fresh facilitates of the edifices are a portion of short term program which will non take much clip & A ; based upon the templet are ranked 3 – 5 on the precedence footing. While long term programs include intervention against moistness by the H2O proofing Si pigment spray & A ; intervention of structural constituents like clefts, trough ooze etc.DecisionThe university architecture college is a non an old edifice, all the defects reported in the appraisal & A ; designation of the edifice are chiefly due to miss of proper care. The edifice is reasonably good conditions. The full defect runing near to 1 is to be treated on an pressing footing. Protection from moistness is really indispensable. For a organic structure to stay fit, we have to utilize each and every organic structure portion, the same expression goes worth the edifice, if you cease to utilize the infinite it will discontinue to be & amp ; act like a functional infinite. With the readying of short term programs on an pressing footing, the care section would make a healthy start up for care of the edifice which is the really psyche of Architecture College. 1|Page

Reforming Public Education Visual Outline

Reforming Public Education in America Visual Outline Corrie Broughton Western Governors University WGU Student ID # 000235996 Reforming Public Education in America 1. The world around American school children is changing, but the public school system is failing to keep up with all the changes. Many programs that are in place were great 50+ years ago but now true reform is needed. A. The United States used to have the highest standards in the world for education. B. With so many budget cuts, the education of American children is suffering. There is little money for updated textbooks, new technology, and even to updated buildings.Many teachers reach into their own pockets to supply their classrooms even with the basics of paper and pencils. C. Taxes should be paying for world-class education in America, but the government is not using those dollars wisely. School district boards are in complete charge of how the money is distributed to each school. Not all schools will receive the same amount, some will get more and some will get less. 2. The public education system needs change. Children are getting further and further behind in math and science when compared to other countries.The No Child Left Behind law has some good goals but those goals are hard to achieve because the standards are set too high. It’s hard to judge what the standards are because each state has their own test for student achievement. A. Very little money for schools means no new textbooks or technology available to students. Cut backs also mean no counselors or school nurses on campus. Additionally, school buildings do not get much-needed repairs. B. Student/teacher ratios are too high. Teachers cannot give individual attention to students, and students struggle with keeping up with the curriculum.Poor performing teachers make the same amount of money as a good teacher. Tenure and the teacher’s union protect all teachers from any form of discipline. C. U. S. schools have failed to keep up with other countries in education. The common factor with all of the countries that have students achieving their standards is all students use the same curriculum and there is not a No Child Left Behind Law. The United States has the shortest school year and fewest amount of hours children spend in the classroom. 3. Research suggests that the U. S. ducation system could benefit from reform because there is very little money for schools; there are over-crowded classrooms with tenured teachers who are protected by the unions and other countries are surpassing America’s once great education system by leaps and bounds. References Athavale, G. (2009, October 29). U. S. education falling behind those of other countries. Retrieved from http://www. saratogafalcon. org/content/us-education-falling-behind-those-other-countries Behrent, M. (2009, Summer). Reclaiming our freedom to teach: Education reform in the Obama era. [Part of the special issue, Education and the Obama p residency].Harvard Educational Review 79 (2), p. 240-6. Retrieved from http://wguproxy. egloballibrary. com/login? user=true&url=http://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com/hww/jumpstart. jhtml? recid=0bc05f7a67b1790e84eb37b49561a968d1ff2c9fe8790d78c3c4d7ec0aaa2d1d11262f4eeb607acd&fmt=C Howell, W. ; West, M. ; Peterson, P. (2011 Fall). The public weighs in on school reform Retrieved from Education Next, 11(4), and 10-22 A Failing Grade For Public School Funding (2010, June 01). [Editorial] Los Angeles Times Retrieved from http://articles. latimes. com/2010/jun/01/opinion/la-ed-funding-20100601/2 Leana, C. 2011, Fall). The missing link in school reform p. 30-35 Retrieved from http://go. aft. org/socap National Commission on Excellence in Education (1903, April 26). A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Retrieved from http://www2. ed. gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index. html Resnick, L. ; Nolan, K. (1995 March). Where in the world are world-class standards? Educational Leadership, Vol. 52 , p. 6-10, 5p Retrieved from http://www. ascd. org/publications/educational_leadership/mar95/vol52/num06/Where_in_the_World_Are_World-Class_Standards?. aspx Schools and Testing: Left

Routes to learning and impact on end results on Exercise to Music Essay

Routes to learning and impact on end results on Exercise to Music courses - Essay Example One method of training is the Freestyle approach which expands horizons and develops abilities; while the second method is the Pre-choreographed approach which trains instructors to conform to the traditional method of following a pre-written script developed by others. The two different learning outcomes depend on the particular productive process that integrates training and learning in context with each other (Felstead et al, 2006: 1). The health and fitness club sector in the United Kingdom has experienced rapid growth since the early 1990s. The steeply rising popularity of the fitness sector has reached nation-wide coverage, and has now levelled off into a plateau. Fitness organisations changed their focus on to increasing the productivity of the centres that are currently functioning. Hence, the emphasis on retaining existing members is growing, and more resources are being devoted for the same purpose (Mintel, 2005). Among various initiatives is the exercise to music program which has become a standardised brand name, and leaves little allowance for instructor innovation and creativity (Felstead et al, 2006: 4). Most of the health and fitness clubs in the United Kingdom provide facilities for group training in a fitness room that is designated for the purpose, and is equipped with a music system, loudspeakers and full-length mirrors (Mintel, 2005). Whereas machine-based workouts do not follow a timetable, exercise to music is conducted to a time scale. The participants experience a wider range of vision as well as physical space in which to function. Group exercise has the additional benefit of building social bonds between participants, thus increasing fitness club attendance and helping to keep membership levels high (FIA, 2003). The Exercise to Music (ETM) class is led by an ETM instructor present in front of the class, sometimes on a platform. The instructor uses a

Federal Bailout Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Federal Bailout - Research Paper Example With these higher unemployment numbers and the fear amongst those in the banking industry, more and more restrictions were placed upon the opportunity to guarantee new credit to consumers, while the already issued credit lines were at risk of being defaulted on. As a way to intervene in the matter, the federal government would seek to purchase existing debt from major banks, in the hopes of creating more room for new growth. Like anything else the government seeks to do, their plan for the banking industry would have its supporters, along with its vocal naysayers. With a considerable amount at stake going into the Presidential election of 2008, it would become important for both candidates to respond in their own ways, to the legislation that was being proposed by their fellow elected representatives and such legislation, that would be signed into law by the very man that each candidate was hoping to replace come November 2008. At the beginning of debate towards the end of the third quarter in 2008, the initial proposers of such action, would be then-Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and current Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke. This action would see support from both men, the White House, along with both Presidential candidates and the Democratic leaders on Capitol Hill. Considerable opposition to the plan itself, would come from many Republicans, who felt it would be too much government control. In this case, â€Å"The first proposal for a sweeping bailout of financial institutions came at the height of the panic in mid-September, 2008. Mr. Paulson, with the backing of Mr. Bernanke, asked Congress for $700 billion to use to buy up mortgage-backed securities whose value had dropped sharply or had become impossible to sell, in what he called the Trouble Asset Relief Program, or TARP. As originally outlined, the

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Anchor and mooring systems - Essay Example Anchor and mooring system are used to hold the ships and the floating platforms in position and prevent movements caused by the wind and current. Given most sea vessels and ship are incapable of breaking, only anchorage systems and mooring can be used to slow down and hold the ship into position to avoid moving (Lekang, 2007). The unregulated and unwanted movements caused by wind and the current can cause grave consequences and repercussions including damage to property if the ship is not properly anchored or moored. Floating production systems and offshore drilling units located in deep sea require a high level of anchorage in order to maintain a firm position against the high tides, currents and wind present at high depths. Anchoring systems and mooring therefore perform a crucial function in maintaining the stability of the sea vessels without which there exist costly ramifications (Blackwell & Blackwell, 2011). This paper discusses the operation of anchors and mooring systems, th eir fabrication and classification. Operation Anchor and mooring system consist of the anchor, the mooring line which is used to transmit force from the moored vessel to the anchor and the tension system or the attachment point on the moored vessel or floating work platform. The mooring line can be made from either a chain or wire rope. In some cases the anchor line is made from the combination of the chain and wire rope with fiber line or rigid element included (Blackwell & Blackwell, 2011). In shallow waters of depth up to 100m, chains are usually preferred for permanent mooring. Steel ropes have a higher elasticity and is preferred at greater depth than 300m. Synthetic fiber ropes on the other hand is the lightest among the three choices and is used for anchorage in deep waters of up to 2,000m. The anchor usually provides the majority of the holding capacity or the resistance to motion even though the other components of the system are also at play in contributing to the anchorag e of the vessel or the floating work platform (Dokkum, 2010). The portion of the anchor buried under the sea has a significant contribution to the whole system especially when a chain is used as an anchor line. The portion of the anchoring system excluding the attachment point on the vessel or the floating work platform is known as the ground leg. The ground leg is inclusive of the anchor, anchor line and other auxiliary devices (Blackwell & Blackwell, 2011). The anchor line (chain or wire rope) is connected to the windlass mounted on the sea vessel or the floating platform. The windlass can be either of vertically or horizontally designed. Most anchor and mooring systems use a vertically designed windlass mostly known as a cap an. The capsan is composed of a gypsy; drive wheel notched in order to fit the chain links. The chain is drawn along the deck from the capsan through a pawl and dropped down through the hawse pipe in the deck which exits at the ship's bow. The chain is then d ropped down and a shackle is used to connect the chain to the anchor. The hardened steel pins of the shackle pass through a hole drilled in the anchor central shank (Scott, 2011). Material and methods of fabrication A number of materials can be used to make an anchor ranging from large blocks of rocks to sacks of sand. Commercial anchors are made from pig iron which are fabricated to form cast iron anchors. Steel anchors are also made through drop forging of carbon steel. Both the cast iron and forged steel anchors

How to Make a Cake - Training Session Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to Make a Cake - Training Session - Essay Example At the end of the training, the learners should have the ability to identify all the ingredients used in the preparation of pancakes and to have the ability to prepare pancakes in different ways according to the unique recipes taught in the training. The objectives are important in influencing the structure of the training process. Just as the name suggests, objectives portray the features the training seeks to achieve thus helping the trainers help tailor the raining materials. In determining the objectives, the trainers look for the nature of the raining thus determining the features it seeks to achieve. In this context, the training session seeks to equip trainees with pancake making skills through numerous recipes. With this understanding, it becomes important for the trainees to understand the ingredients used in the preparation of pancakes and the varied methods used in doing so. Such are intricate factors considered in the development of the objectives of the training exercise. The learning styles will include theoretical and practical features each of which has specific strengths and weaknesses. However, incorporating both methods ensures that they complement each other thus enhancing the success of the training process. Theoretical teaching requires students to attend classes, take notes, and participate in the lectures. The process often provides an effective platform for the trainers to introduce the trainees to the varied courses and the unique features of the training session. This equips the trainees with the appropriate mindset and the inaugural safety and security factors they must consider in order to enhance the success of the training process. A practical session on the other hand includes implementing the theoretical features of the lessons by practicing the process of preparing the pancakes. This requires the students to attend sessions in appropriate laboratories and kitchens fitted with appropriate

Homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Homosexuality - Essay Example . In the article titled, â€Å"Genetics or Not, Gay Won’t Go Away†, Frank acknowledges that, for decades, homosexuality has been widely ostracized, undergone moments of patchwork acceptance before experiencing a heady triumph in the recent times. He acknowledges that homosexuals have invoked homosexuality as a way of explaining why discrimination is senseless and homophobia unwarranted. The main theme in his article is that homosexuality is wound in an individual’s genetic make up rather than a matter of choice. Frank goes on to quote scholars like Clinton Anderson, who says that the dynamics via which an individual becomes gay are not yet known. He builds a thesis that substantial evidence indicates that there are connections between hormones, sexual identity, brains and genes. In addition, he borrows from the study which shows that 52% of identical twins are gay compared to only 22% of fraternal twins or 11% of adoptive brothers who turned out to be gay. This, he posits, shows that heredity and not the environment, called the shots as far as determining an individual’s sexual orientation. In addition, more research has identified common chromosomal and anatomical traits among homosexuals in which case, homosexuality is a result of a set of genes. In this case, he likens sexual orientation with skin color and therefore, an unchallengeable biological matter. While he may be having quite valid arguments and invoking the opinions of scholars on the issue, I find his opinions quite warped. Homosexuality is not a genetic issue but rather a matter of choice, which is mostly influenced by the environment in which one lives. In making up his thesis, Frank mainly focuses on the high number of identical twin brothers who have turned out to be homosexuals as compared to the fewer number of fraternal twins and adopted brothers who have gay sexual tendencies. While he may take this as an indication that genes play a pivotal role in determining an individual’s sexual orientation, it is ironical that adopted brothers would have gay tendencies having in mind that their genetic make-up is not similar. Is it not more logical to explain this percentage as having been influenced by their socialization (Paul, 1986)? Socialization refers to the process by which animals (or more aptly human beings) learn how to recognize other species, which it cohabit s with. In learning the interaction process, the human beings would learn communication techniques and how to communicate but also how to recognize as well as respond to other people’s intentions (Kenneth, 1988). This is exactly the same thing that happens as far as homosexuality is concerned (Jeffrey et al., 2001). As research has shown, the number of people who ascribe to homosexuality has risen in the recent times. Is this truly an indication as to changing genetics or hereditary composition (Paul, 1986)? That is definitely not the case. Many people have come up in support of homosexuality thereby triggering curiosity amongst the young people, who have gone ahead and become inducted into homosexuality. This is definitely not a case where homosexuality genes were present but suppressed. It is a case of straight individuals socialized into a particular habit thanks to their curiosity. In essence, many people will acknowledge that technological advancement has contributed imm ensely to the rise in homosexuality. While internet has marked a giant technological leap, it has also created avenues where homosexuality can be nurtured. Pornographic sites have cropped up stirring and shaping these feelings, with many young people

Islamophobia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Islamophobia - Essay Example 'Islamophobia,' if any, especially as contested within a U.K. context, is just such an instance of an active (mis)labelling practice in which contestants - '(Jeudo-Christian) Occident' vs. '(Islamist) Orient' as possible (mis)labelled parties to contest - exchange exact same (mis)labelled identity signifier i.e. 'Islamophobic' not only in order to frame parties to contest but for an appropriation of what, ultimately, defines frames of contest per se. Indeed, much literature is dedicated to question (mis)appropriateness of 'Islamophobia' as a labeller of 'phobia' generated, presumably, from an increasingly 'visible' presence of Islam / Muslims in the U.K. in recent years. 1,2,3 The case for / against Islamophobia, depending on which party holds argument, is, in fact, made much blurry given ambiguity of what constitutes a Muslim identity in the first place. 4 Considering potentially multiple identities of U.K. Muslims 5,6, contestation between and This paper examines multilayered manipulations of Islamophobia as contested within a U.K context. The argument, first, discusses literature on race relations and immigration policies, more emphasis being laid on policies pertaining to Commonwealth subjects in Indian Subcontinent. An examination follows of how race-based (addressing ethnicity, assimilation and multiculturalism issues) as opposed to faith-based (addressing religious practices, rights, and interfaith relations) protections have much influenced and/or mixed up contestations over Islam, Muslims and, most importantly, Islamophobia, if any, within a U.K. context. Finally, Islamophobia is placed in a wider European context in which contestation over Islamophobia as such is connected to Continental debates on modern nation-states and multiculturalisms. Race, race relations and immigration policies Historically, Britain has received waves of immigrants of diverse descent for a multitude of reasons. Yet, post-World War II period, particularly during mid-1940's, 1950's and 1960's, witnessed unprecedented influx into major industrial cities for reconstruction efforts. 7,8 Up until late 1960's, no specific laws addressed inter-ethnic violence and conflict. Ironically, ex-colonies subjects were regarded, after all, as second class citizens. 9 Only when families of 'Asian' (primarily Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi) works started to 'flood' English cities and ports in what is referred to as 'chain immigration' (i.e. residents invite close family members and friends and, once [Insert Your Last Name] 4 settled, relatives and friends invite their own families and friends) did local acts of ethnic violence give prominence to and raise public awareness on a national level of 'alien' citizen status as part of British reality. 10 Still, post-World War II period is one characterised more by inflammatory statements made about nationals of 'non-British' blood and descent 11 rather than about

Policy Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policy Making - Essay Example They will also help in assisting the staffs and the lawmakers in drafting legislation. Lobbying group will interpreted the impact of the proposed rules and legislation. They will organize demonstrations and protest, talking to the media, running advertisement, hosting potential candidates and engaging in litigation. Most of these groups are not shy of offering campaign to the law makers (Rosati & Scott 2014). Other indirect techniques that can be used are, working through third parties. These will help in influencing legislators and public policy. This can be done by making phone call, writing of emails to the members of an organization to communicate their concerns. By use of these techniques, policies will be influenced by the communicated group by offering support. Lobbing groups is more effective than this technique. In a well-funded interest, groups try to gain public support by mass emailing, media advertisement, and publication. The main reason for using these techniques is because they are effective and will create the intended pressure to the public to influence our policies1. Given the current political climate, some of the challenges we intend to face are both economic and political. Politically, providing evidence of or intended policy will be a problem. This because our policies are experimental with no grantee of our intended purpose; Without the evidence, we might fall back on ideology and conventional wisdom. Policies are not made in a vacuum but rather typically emerge from a maelstrom of political energy. Some of the factors that will influence how good the evidence is include the methodology. A good methodology will allow proper consideration of the problem. Another factor is research skills; Good skills will enable excellent research of a problem. Another challenge is that, gathering evidence might take a lot of time. This can

Professional Ethics Essay Example for Free

Professional Ethics Essay Lady Justice is the symbol of justice, where show the symbol of the justice: a sword symbolising the court’s coercive power, the scale representing an objective standard by which competing claims are weighed and the blindfold indicating that justice should be meted out objectively, without fear or favour, regardless of power, money, and wealth. Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institution to govern behaviour laws are made by governments, specifically by their legislatures. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitutions (written or unwritten) and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics and society in countless ways and serves as a social mediator of relation between people. Furthermore, law as the body of official rules and regulation, generally found in constitutions, legislation , judicial opinion, and the like, that used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of its members, so law is a formal mechanism of social control. Legal system is particular ways of establishing and maintaining social order. According to John Austin (English jurist born 1790) law is a â€Å"rule laid down for the guidance of an intelligent being by an intelligent being having power over him.† Professor Hart (Oxford professor of jurisprudence, born 1907) defined â€Å"law as a system of rules, union of primary and secondary rules.† Glanville Williams’ learning the law† define law is the cement of society and also an essential medium of change. Knowledge of law increases ones understanding of public affairs. Its study promotes accuracy of expression, facility in argument and skill in interpreting the written word as well as some understanding of social values†. In law, there are four processes in law formation. There are individual process, group process, social process and political process. Individual process means the set of norms beliefs and values which collectively forms his on her moral standards. Group process which means the surrounding environment of a situation plays a significant role in the norm, beliefs and values of an individual through exposure to these contexts * Cultural or religious * Social or political * economics or technological In group process, where a individual choices of norms, beliefs and values are made, ensures that all of the mentioned factors able to interact among one and another. As we can see in figure 1., where technological changes in communication bring political change in governance . the political changes make economic changes in spending and taxation patterns, which finally change cultural changes in personal lifestyle. Cultural changes Economic changes Political changes Technological changes In social process, all individuals in society do not have the same exposures to economic, technological, social, political, cultural and religious factors. There are some exposures come from: * Individual position  * Family units * Peer groups * Formal organisation The changing of norms, beliefs and values of individuals within society very clear, although delay impact upon the law. Actually, the social process involves an accumulation of power. In addition, people who have similar norms, beliefs and values easily form a group. It is natural join. Furthermore, in political process the norms, beliefs and values held by organisations, groups and individuals established into law can be seen as means of resolving conflict. Organisations, groups and individuals also have different opinions on norms should be done now and beliefs should be accomplished in the future. The different views have to be common to consistent and universal rules to be effective. According to OUMH 3203 professional ethics, â€Å"there are alternative on the ways in which this is done†,  * Presidential leadership * Institutional compromise * Congressional bargaining * Constituent pressure Selected representative are formally assigned the responsibility of the formulation of law in are representative system†. So, there are four process involves in formation of law Individual process is a set of norms, beliefs and values where forms his or her moral standards. Norms is behaviour where individual expects to everyone act when faced with a given situation. For a example baby dumping is a social crisis and has a chronic increase as many cases are occurring in Malaysian society. The baby dumping refers to discarding or leaving alone, for an extended period of time, a child younger than 12 months of age in a public or private setting with the intent to dispose of the child. Based on Bukit Aman Police Headquarters statistics found a total of 580 babies were found dumped between years 2000 to 2006. This number of cases increase every year where as much as 65 baby dumping cases has increased to 83 cases in the year 2006. In the first 5 months, almost everyday there are reports on dumped baby cases. You read it on the front page of the newspaper or see it on the nightly newsa newborn baby found in a back alley. This scenario had been more serious from day to day although there are a lot about this in the mass media. Child dumping is the practice of dumping offspring outside of legal adoption. The dumped child is called a foundling or throwaway. According to a reliable statistics, one baby is dumped every week. A figure that has trebled in the past decades, causes include many social and cultural factors as well as mental illness. Why an individual or teenagers due to unethical to baby dumping? * Family influence Let them to make such a problem in their life. Family break-ups happen after a long period of misunderstandings, fighting and unhappiness. Sometimes they happen suddenly and it is hard to understand why there needs to be change at all. Children are mostly affected by this kind of situation. If both their mother and father decided to a divorce and one cannot raise their child alone, tendency is that they will dump their child. This child will become homeless and found him alone. * Peer influence When children enter school, they influenced by peers with whom they interact every day. For example, if child friends engage with boyfriend or with stranger, the teenager too, may decide to do the same. * Life experience Some important events, where positive or negative, shape people’s lives and influence their ethical beliefs and behavior. For example, when a person have sexuality in teenage and does not get caught, make them to continue to have sexuality until end of their life span. Throughout this case, the norms of this case are to prevent baby dumping it’s necessary to educate individuals about sexuality. We support age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education, and recommends that schools and communities provide comprehensive sexuality education to all youth and families. Maybe this prevention help teenage to avoid them such a situation Furthermore, Individuals experiencing unwanted pregnancies must receive support and services. Communities should examine their capacity to provide the range of supports and services needed by individuals experiencing unwanted pregnancies. These services must also be publicized; people cannot use services that they do not know about. Finally, education efforts should strive to increase communication among youth, families, and communities. Increased communication may minimize the shame and secrecy associated with an unwanted pregnancy and make young people more likely to take advantage of supports and services in their families and communities.

Divinity of Rama in Ramayana

Divinity of Rama in Ramayana Divinity of Rama in Ramayana The Ramayana is as old and mysterious a poem just as the controversial divinity of Rama, the protagonist. The question of whether Rama is a divine being or just a ‘written-about here has been lingering in the minds of many scholars, especially Western Scholars, for so long a time and still remains satisfactorily answered. Many attempts have gone into critically examining the Ramayana, the first and without any doubt most important Indian poem. Many scholars have marshaled a host of interpretation on interpolations that to some extent explain the doubts that Ramas divinity was not part of the original poem but rather later additions. Using Homeric analysis some scholars posit that a given passage can be dropped or added to an original piece of art in this case the Ramayana.Therefore the sections of the Ramayana presenting Rama as a divine here were later interpolations. They support the view that Rama is a divine incarnation was not an original part of the poem but a later addition. It is argued that the deification of Rama is was a slow process of euhumerisation whereby a â€Å"Semi-hero† of past historic and heroic scene reincarnates through and local divinity into a demigod status, only later on to achieve deity[1]. On the contrary, however, Rama is presented as a ‘thorough human. This is the opinion held by Western scholars. The reason is that about a quarter of vulgate did not form the original â€Å"valmiki† poem from which all our versions come[2]. The divinity of Rama is to be addressed from the higher ‘criticism because even so, arguments that challenge his divinity have been fronted party because of the enormity of doubt. For example books II VI according to Ruben, a Western scholar, were all later insertions to the original work. On the contrary Rama is assumed to be reincarnation of Vishnu, through a heroic epic. However, some scholars argue that Ramas divinity is not to be judged with accordance to the later additions to the Ramayana but be judged from the entire perspective of Ramayana[3]. Ramas interview with his dead father ‘Dasaratha is a divine capacity. Rama, ‘the heart of the gods, and their deepest secret is presented as divine being or so. Because, how then can he talk to his dead father as if the dead father was still alive, and wishes him well and ‘a long life. This is more than just human. Its the logic of divinity meaning the human embodiment of divinity. Rama was a great ruler, with the features expected of a husband. Indian traditions and culture view the easy accommodation of a ‘divine being into an ‘ideal human. If Rama was an ideal man as postulated, it was only possible he became the ‘divine savior.[4] From books II VI, Rama is presented as a hero who challenges evil. A human figure to defeat superhuman adversity probably, Rama has the divine power to be able to do just that[5]. From such happenings the Ramayana is laden with the mystery of Ramas nature. It makes no logic that Rama; a human being can destroy Ravana supers natural being because indeed the two cannot be linked, not unless there is a divine force to bond the two diversities.There are some explicit statements from Ramayana that present Ramas as a King with more than human powers. Surpanakha for example presents Rama to her brother Khara as â€Å"the image of the king of gandharras[6]. Sita refers to Rama as having divine powers. It becomes evidently clear that Rama indeed has divine powers and is not only a human King figure but rather a godly one too. There are direct statements from Ramayana that express the superhuman nature of Rama. He receives those words from Laksmana in the third book when Rama was getting re ady to destroy the Worlds in a fit of rage over the demise of site[7]. The Ramayana narrative excludes gods and categorically so, similarly, it debars men implicitly just like the Greek epic of Achilles. In both, we encounter the ‘heroic paradox. Just as Achilles superhuman character in the epithelia cited above, Rama qualifies to the same caliber of socio-religious stature of divine beings. And reaching the Ramayana, it enables us to transform it to the mythic level of struggle between divinity and humanity, evil and good. So then, transforming the character of the antagonist to envision the ability of the hero to engage formidable and vast unearthly powers of the foe is true of Rama.[8] In the Indian cultural history, evil is not presented a psychosocial problem of human life but is rather presented as a mythic problem. Note that the demonic issue does not constitute itself as plainly a human issue and cannot be devised in human terms because the human expresses itself only as in opposition to demonic. And the struggle against demonic evil is a s such lying wholly beyond the sphere of human participation[9]. Evil is terrestrial, and in this universe, the extermination of evil is only divine. Rama was banished and excluded from taking kingship. However, according to Ayodhyakanda, Bharadvaja, a prophet tells Bharata that he should not fault Kaikayi because Ramas banishment will turn out to be a great blessing (Pollock 512). Previously Bharata had refused to consent to Ramas wishes to become king. The destructions following the death of the king of Ayodhya forced all seers into a committee that spoke to Bharata about the destruction of Ravana. The Ramayana clearly spells out the rather superhuman nature of Rama; both in its original form and even with the added chapters to it. The entire narration is bent on giving Rama a divine appearance. Rama is documented to have seen the wise lad himself, the lord of gods, his body luminous of fire or the sun. Rama witnessed this apparition on his way to the ashram of the sage of Sarabhanga[10]. This passage where Rama sees the lord of the gods can be adequately defended from the conventional interpretation. At the defeat of Ravana, Ramas father appears and the conversation that ensued proves further that Rama was supreme among men. The excerpt vividly portrays Rama as a human -semi-god with the ability to combat evil even for the other gods. In the Ramayana, the boons particulars were that Ravana would not be destroyed or slain by anything be it gods, danavas, gandharvas pisacas birds or even serpents. Ravana though is greedy and wanted the ultimate power of immortality, Ravanas destruction by Rama as such was a work of the gods to avenge the abusive character of Ravana. The connection between the gods and Rama is imminent enough to account for Ramas divinity[11]. Looking back at the birth of Rama, in the Balakanda, it comes near to explaining and declaring Ramas birth plus that of his three brothers as borne by divine intervention; their births as incarnations of Vishnu. This part of the Balakanda is nearer to the older pattern than the second part of Uttarakanda, where the prevailing attitude is that Rama is divine. However later on, the attitude of dedication and complete self-surrender to Rama re-establishes Rama as an incarnation of Vishnu. However, the lack of the term Avatara is less surprising in the general sense of which it can be used to describe the four brothers as ‘embodied Avataras as it were of dharma, Artha and Kama together with Moksa. Probably the growth of the storys popularly influenced religious convictions to all because, as early as the Uttarakanda Ramas story was widespread, wide enough to evoke a religious following[12]. Maybe to point out a little behind the mind thought could Ramas following have a cultish aspect? Maybe later on one can cite the incident where the crow that tormented Sita takes refuge in Rama, himself, from his arrow. This incident though later on accommodated as usual points at the inclinations towards divinity of Rama. The Ramayana does not give evidence of the existence cult before the 12th century. However, there should be no denying that one could have been there. The question of why the crow rested with Rama poses a question of whether righteous inclination is an all time right or a compromised right. But rather emphasizing Ramas righteousness, one would follow the network of Ramas following and its amazing how divine Rama is conceived to have been. Rama is readily tolerable in the Buddhist tradition, as a Bodhisattva. In Jainism Rama is accepted as one of the greatest figures[13]. It is true that the popularity of Ramayana precipitates the widespread controversy on the divinity of Rama in the story and the controversy on whether his divinity is an inclusion in the poem. Despite the opposing western perspectives Rama is understood widely as one who is righteous, dharmajua, and grateful, truthful and resolute. There are indications from his virtues, which point to the fact that Rama was more than human. The attributes of Rama to challenge evil complete the Ramayana story so that it points at the essence of the divinity of Rama from the onset. Therefore Rama is divine and his divinity is not an inclusion in the Ramayana. Work cited Brockington, Joseph. Righteous Rama: the evolution of an epic, London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1985 Datta, Amaresh. The Encyclopedia of Indian Literature (Volume One (A To Devo), New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2006 Pollock, Sheldon. The divine king in the Indian epic. Journal of the American oriental society. Vol.104 (3) 1984; 505-528 Sharma, Ramashraya. Socio-Political Study of the Valmiki Ramayana, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi: Banarsidass Publishers, 1986 [1] Brockington 214 [2] Pollock 516 [3] Datta 83 [4] Pollock 519 [5] Datta 80 [6] Brockington 198 [7] Brockington 317 [8] Pollock 509 [9] Brockington 200 [10] Brockington 310 [11] Sharma 185 [12] Sharma 190 [13] Sharma 192

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As you inhale the aggregate odor of your senior class for the last time, I’m sure there are many burning questions racing through your minds: â€Å"Will I find my place in the world?† If you’re lucky. â€Å"Am I really going to graduate a virgin?† Yeah, probably. â€Å"Who is that incredibly handsome young man addressing us, and how long do we have the privilege of listening to him?† Howdy, Andrew Gonzales here, and hopefully not long; I realize that your robes are making you sweat, your thongs are making you uncomfortable, and my use of the words â€Å"virgin† and â€Å"thongs† is making your parents sweaty and uncomfortable. I’m not up here to talk about sweaty undergarments, though. I’m not even up here because of my charm and good looks. I have been granted this lovely opportunity to speak to compensate for the misery that went into the earning of the title â€Å"valedictorian†, and all the misery that will envelope the rest of my life as a result of it. Whenever I can’t figure out how the pump works at the gas station, I’ll hear, â€Å"And you were valedictorian?† If I try to pull on a door that says push, it will be, â€Å"You were valedictorian?† Get caught picking my nose on the jumbo-tron at a baseball game, and the jeers will assault me: â€Å"Hey, jackass, were you really valedictorian?† The purpose of a graduation speech, as it has been laid out before me, is not to complain, though, but rather to bore the hell out of you. That’s why my speech will last about four hours and seventeen minutes, filled with uninspiring poetry readings, bland quotes, meaningless anecdotes and the traditional candied assortment of shameless clichà ©s and platitudes. Of course, I do realize that my speech is a compulsory formality, and that, in all likelihood, nothing I say will ... ...s and a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush yadda yadda yadda. But, most importantly, have a sense of humor and cherish this gift of spasms and primitive noises as a part of human nature, before you age to the point where your heart will stop if you laugh. Laugh at life’s ironies and disappointments. Laugh at your society, your friends, and yourself. Laugh at Carrot Top even, not because he is funny, but because he thinks he is funny, which is so pathetic and absurd that it actually is funny. I’m going to end with a fitting quote. It’s not by Jefferson or Emerson as is customary in graduation speeches, but by the Harvard graduate, talk-show host, and comedian, Conan O’Brien. â€Å"If you can laugh at yourself loud and hard every time you fall, people will think you’re drunk.† Thank you Northglenn High class of 2006. I hope to laugh at you all again in ten years.

Technology Law :: Law College Admissions Essays

After a few quick gulps of coffee, I departed from my apartment in Florida. It was six in the morning and still dark outside. Seventeen hours later, I made it to the District of Columbia. I drove to Washington to attend a conference hosted by Ralph Nader on the state of competition in the computer industry. At some point during that drive, I realized I had become a "computer nerd." Before that, I had never really fancied myself a "computer nerd." To be quit honest, computers used to intimidate me in a certain respect. I did not even own one until I enrolled in college. My primary interest in college was philosophy, a discipline which, at first glance at least, does not seem particularly connected to the computer world. I was drawn to philosophy because of its emphasis on analytical thinking. By "analytical thinking," I mean the use of logical analysis and creative speculation to sort out different aspects of an argument. I instantly felt at home in my first philosophy class when my professor remarked that people looking for "the answers" in his classes would be disappointed. What interested me in philosophy was the sustained and rigorous attempt to think through intellectual questions not necessarily to "the answers," but towards more sophisticated formulations of alternative viewpoints and arguments. In contrast to my intuitive attraction to philosophy, I stumbled upon the world of computers in my junior year of college. Tired of working unrewarding jobs during the summer, I figured that I should develop some practical, marketable skills (especially since graduation was nearing and I knew my philosophy degree, while invaluable to me, was not a hot commodity on the job market). In that context, I took a few computer programming classes. I soon discovered that I actually liked designing programs. Whereas I assumed that "the answers" would be taken for granted in computer science, I found that computer science, especially when practically applied, requires both logical and imaginative problem solving. The skills refined in my philosophy classes, the application of logical thinking and attention to various ways of looking at a problem, proved helpful in computer programming. Later, I sensed other links between my interest in philosophy and the technical world of computers. I first began making those realizations while working for Stand For Children, a small Washington DC based nonprofit. Stand's mission is to develop a national network of child activists.

magellan :: essays research papers

In 1517 Ferdinand Magellan proposed to King Charles I of Spain for a fully funded expedition to find a western sea route to the Molaccan Islands. If Magellan could find an easy way through or around South America it would enable the Spanish to set up a profitable trade route with the Molaccans, known for its abundance of spices. On May 22,1518 King Charles I granted Magellan enough money to buy five ships. Over 250 men were divided up amongst the Trinidad, the San Antonio, the Conception, the Victoria, and the Santiago. The ships set sail on their journey on September 20, 1519 from a port in Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain. The ships sailed south along the coast of Africa until they reached the equator. They then turned to head across the Atlantic Ocean toward northern Brazil. They reached South America at a city in Brazil called Recife. The fleet continued down the coast in search of a passageway through South America. Trades were made in Rio de Janeiro with Native Americans in December. Port San Julian in Argentina gave the crew winter shelter for five months. Shortly after resuming voyage, one of the ships was driven to shore and lost exploring an inlet. Just south of the 50th parallel, near Rio Santa Cruz, Magellan sent two of his four remaining ships to explore a large inlet. The ships returned two days later responding that they had been to three bays through narrow passages. Against advice, Magellan set out to sail through the strait. One of the ships gave up and set out to return to Spain. On November 28, 1520 Magellan’s fleet of the three remaining ships exited the strait into another ocean. The strait Magellan and his crew used is now called The Strait of Magellan. The new ocean was named the Pacific Ocean because it was very calm. This ocean had much more favorable weather than the last but was much larger than expected. The crew ran out of food shortly. Soon they ate the leather rope guards. Desperate to survive, the sailors ate sawdust and rats for 98 days. Many died of scurvy and malnutrition. Finally a small island in the west pacific was sighted. The ships stopped for food and to regain health. Magellan then sailed to Mindanao in the Philippines and on to Cebu Island. Although Spain did not immediately recognize the importance of the Philippines, they had become the greatest Spanish trading center in the East.

Mobile Shoppers

The entire digital marketing world is quickly converging on mobile as a favorite shopping partner. Thanks to the increasing purchases and usage of smartphones, approximately 50% of adults aged 18-64 in the U. S. are mobile shopping. With all of these technologically advanced phones in pockets and purses, the way people shop is changing. Mobile shopping is not one activity – Mobile-shopping behaviors include using one's phone to facilitate any part of the shopping experience — from comparing products, evaluating prices, and selecting where to buy, to sharing product photos, tweeting price details, and actually completing the transaction.The mobile shopping experience can also include activities post-purchase, such as returning or servicing a product. Arc Worldwide conducted a nationwide quantitative survey of 1,800 mobile-phone owners, followed by qualitative research using webcams, Flip video cameras, and shop-alongs as shoppers utilized their phones in the shopping exp erience. Two key findings cast a light on who is mobile shopping and how, and what it means for the future. Lights shall inherit the future -Mobile shoppers fall into two groups.Heavy mobile shoppers comprise about 20% of all mobile shoppers and drive 80% of the activity volume. Light mobile shoppers comprise the rest. Heavies love their phones, using them to share photos, download music, and check the news. They also love any form of shopping, whether it be at home, on a computer, or in the store. It's not surprising that they really enjoy the nexus — indexing 10 times higher than lights in mobile shopping. Heavy mobile shoppers know and use mobile as a specialized tool for shopping.Light mobile shoppers have a much narrower outlook toward mobile with regard to shopping. They see it primarily as an inferior portable computer, and therefore primarily use it in the car and on the go. Sixty-two percent of light mobile shoppers told us it was just easier to go online from a comp uter vs. shopping on their phone. While heavies have driven the growth of mobile shopping thus far, our research indicates that future growth will come from a small group of lights with the greatest potential to become heavies. We call them high potential mobile shoppers.They love their mobile phones and shopping in the way heavies do, but haven't yet converted their shopping activities onto their phones. Smartphone shopping apps are helping consumers buy more online, and they’re getting people better deals on the street. Two new data points from online auctioneer eBay and price comparison app Scanbuy help drive that home, and more importantly, suggest where things are ultimately headed: Deal-hungry users are increasingly going to put pressure on retailers, both online and offline, to change prices in real time to satisfy these more savvy buyers.Ex. EBay said Wednesday that global mobile sales brought in almost $2 billion in 2010, up from $600 million in 2009. In the U. S. , eBay mobile sales grew almost 175 percent, generating nearly $850 million in gross merchandise value in 2010. What this confirms is that consumers are wielding their smartphones as shopping tools, arming themselves with data that’s informing their choices. In some cases, it’s pushing people to buy online. In other cases, they’re searching for better deals nearby.But as users get more access to pricing data wherever they are at all times, it’s going to force retailers to have to react more in real time with their pricing. If users can see there are deals to be found elsewhere, retailers are going to have learn how to respond quickly with counter offers. This is good news for consumers, who can leverage this data more for in-store discounts and bargaining. Flash an online price of a product at a Best Buy employee, and see if the price can be matched or beaten. It’s going to put more pressure on retailers to monitor these pricing schemes and devise qu ick strategies.It’s not enough to just offer check-in coupons and offers; they’re going to have to be aware of the competing offers available to consumers as they hunt for bargains. 1. Extend online brand reputation to mobile with seller ratings – Having a great online reputation is essential to driving online conversions, per Google. With seller ratings on mobile, brands and retailers can extend their online reputation from desktop to mobile devices and leverage the power of the mobile platform to drive conversions on the Web. The seller ratings extension lets mobile searchers to see merchants who are highly recommended by other shoppers.By showcasing relevant and useful rating information for a business, the extension can help differentiate that brand from its competition and guide potential customers to purchase from its site. In recent studies, campaigns with mobile seller ratings saw a 7. 5 percent increase in click through rates when compared to campaigns without this extension. Seller ratings are aggregated from merchant review sites all around the Web and the extension will only show when a merchant’s online store has a rating of four or more stars and at least 30 reviews. . Take customers directly to the desired conversion path with mobile ad site links – Ad site links enable direct navigation to specific pages of a Web site. Since navigating on the mobile Web can still be difficult, site links for mobile can be especially useful in taking customers directly to the desired conversion path on a site, per Google. For example, with site links brands can quickly guide customers to the best selling products on their site or to an online store locator.Mobile users find this format particularly helpful and on average campaigns with mobile site links see a 30 percent increase in click through rates when compared to campaigns without site links. Right now a maximum of two site links can appear on mobile devices with ads displ aying two links across one line or stacked vertically on two lines. One-line site links can show with the click-to-call phone extension and will display one link to the Web site alongside the brand’s phone number. One-line site links can also show with the seller ratings extension and will display the company’s online store rating as well as two links to its Web site.The quality of a brand’s ad will determine which variation of mobile ad site links will show. Two-line site links typically show for higher quality ads. 3. Drive customers in-store with offer ads – Running an in-store promotion? Brands can get the word out and incentivize customers to visit their store by placing a coupon right into their AdWords ads. Mobile ads with offers enable advertisers to include special deals in their mobile search ads, allowing users to store coupons via email or SMS.Ads also display the brand’s phone number or business location on a Google Map for Mobile so t hat customers have everything they need to go to the store, redeem the offer and make a purchase. 4. Click-to-call ads for easier contact – Ensure that customers can easily connect with customer service by including a business phone number in mobile search ads. Since users who make a call are showing interest in a brand’s product or service, they are more likely to make a purchase. With a call costing the same as a click to an ad, this is a very cost-effective ad format for driving quality leads and conversions for a business.

Multinational Corporations Essay

Multinational corporations have existed since the beginning of overseas trade. They have remained a part of the business scene throughout history, entering their modern form in the 17th and 18th centuries with the creation of large, European-based monopolistic concerns such as the British East India Company during the age of colonization. Multinational concerns were viewed at that time as agents of civilization and played a pivotal role in the commercial and industrial development of Asia, South America, and Africa. By the end of the 19th century, advances in communications had more closely linked world markets, and multinational corporations retained their favorable image as instruments of improved global relations through commercial ties. The existence of close international trading relations did not prevent the outbreak of two world wars in the first half of the twentieth century, but an even more closely bound world economy emerged in the aftermath of the period of conflict. In more recent times, multinational corporations have grown in power and visibility, but have come to be viewed more ambivalently by both governments and consumers worldwide. Indeed, multinationals today are viewed with increased suspicion given their perceived lack of concern for the economic well-being of particular geographic regions and the public impression that multinationals are gaining power in relation to national government agencies, international trade federations and organizations, and local, national, and international labor organizations. Despite such concerns, multinational corporations appear poised to expand their power and influence as barriers to international trade continue to be removed. Furthermore, the actual nature and methods of multinationals are in large measure misunderstood by the public, and their long-term influence is likely to be less sinister than imagined. Multinational corporations share many common traits, including the methods they use to penetrate new markets, the manner in which their overseas subsidiaries are tied to their headquarters operations, and their interaction with national governmental agencies and national and international labor organizations. WHAT IS A MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION? As the name implies, a multinational corporation is a business concern with operations in more than one country. These operations outside the company’s home country may be linked to the parent by merger, operated as subsidiaries, or have considerable autonomy. Multinational corporations are sometimes perceived as large, utilitarian enterprises with little or no regard for the social and economic well-being of the countries in which they operate, but the reality of their situation is more complicated. There are over 40,000 multinational corporations currently operating in the global economy, in addition to approximately 250,000 overseas affiliates running cross-continental businesses. In 1995, the top 200 multinational corporations had combined sales of $7. 1 trillion, which is equivalent to 28. 3 percent of the world’s gross domestic product. The top multinational corporations are headquartered in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan; they have the capacity to shape global trade, production, and financial transactions. Multinational corporations are viewed by many as favoring their home operations when making difficult economic decisions, but this tendency is declining as companies are forced to respond to increasing global competition. The World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank are the three institutions that underwrite the basic rules and regulations of economic, monetary, and trade relations between countries. Many developing nations have loosened trade rules under pressure from the IMF and the World Bank. The domestic financial markets in these countries have not been developed and do not have appropriate laws in place to enable domestic financial institutions to stand up to foreign competition. The administrative setup, judicial systems, and law-enforcing agencies generally cannot guarantee the social discipline and political stability that are necessary in order to support a growth-friendly atmosphere. As a result, most multinational corporations are investing in certain geographic locations only. In the 1990s, most foreign investment was in high-income countries and a few geographic locations in the South like East Asia and Latin America. According to the World Bank’s 2002 World Development Indicators, there are 63 countries considered to be low-income countries. The share of these low-income countries in which foreign countries are making direct investments is very small; it rose from 0. 5 percent 1990 to only 1. 6 percent in 2000. Although foreign direct investment in developing countries rose considerably in the 1990s, not all developing countries benefited from these investments. Most of the foreign direct investment went to a very small number of lower and upper middle income developing countries in East Asia and Latin America. In these countries, the rate of economic growth is increasing and the number of people living at poverty level is falling. However, there are still nearly 140 developing countries that are showing very slow growth rates while the 24 richest, developed countries (plus another 10 to 12 newly industrialized countries) are benefiting from most of the economic growth and prosperity. Therefore, many people in the developing countries are still living in poverty. Similarly, multinational corporations are viewed as being exploitative of both their workers and the local environment, given their relative lack of association with any given locality. This criticism of multinationals is valid to a point, but it must be remembered that no corporation can successfully operate without regard to local social, labor, and environmental standards, and that multinationals in large measure do conform to local standards in these regards. Multinational corporations are also seen as acquiring too much political and economic power in the modern business environment. Indeed, corporations are able to influence public policy to some degree by threatening to move jobs overseas, but companies are often prevented from employing this tactic given the need for highly trained workers to produce many products. Such workers can seldom be found in low-wage countries. Furthermore, once they enter a market, multinationals are bound by the same constraints as domestically owned concerns, and find it difficult to abandon the infrastructure they produced to enter the market in the first place. The modern multinational corporation is not necessarily headquartered in a wealthy nation. Many countries that were recently classified as part of the developing world, including Brazil, Taiwan, Kuwait, and Venezuela, are now home to large multinational concerns. The days of corporate colonization seem to be nearing an end. Multinational corporations follow three general procedures when seeking to access new markets: merger with or direct acquisition of existing concerns; sequential market entry; and joint ventures. Merger or direct acquisition of existing companies in a new market is the most straightforward method of new market penetration employed by multinational corporations. Such an entry, known as foreign direct investment, allows multinationals, especially the larger ones, to take full advantage of their size and the economies of scale that this provides. The rash of mergers within the global automotive industries during the late 1990s are illustrative of this method of gaining access to new markets and, significantly, were made in response to increased global competition. Multinational corporations also make use of a procedure known as sequential market entry when seeking to penetrate a new market. Sequential market entry often also includes foreign direct investment, and involves the establishment or acquisition of concerns operating in niche markets related to the parent company’s product lines in the new country of operation. Japan’s Sony Corporation made use of sequential market entry in the United States, beginning with the establishment of a small television assembly plant in San Diego, California, in 1972. For the next two years, Sony’s U. S. operations remained confined to the manufacture of televisions, the parent company’s leading product line. Sony branched out in 1974 with the creation of a magnetic tape plant in Dothan, Alabama, and expanded further by opening an audio equipment plant in Delano, Pennsylvania, in 1977. After a period of consolidation brought on by an unfavorable exchange rate between the yen and dollar, Sony continued to expand and diversify its U. S. operations, adding facilities for the production of computer displays and data storage systems during the 1980s. In the 1990s, Sony further diversified it U. S. facilities and now also produces semiconductors and personal telecommunications products in the United States. Sony’s example is a classic case of a multinational using its core product line to defeat indigenous competition and lay the foundation for the sequential expansion of corporate activities into related areas. Finally, multinational corporations often access new markets by creating joint ventures with firms already operating in these markets. This has particularly been the case in countries formerly or presently under communist rule, including those of the former Soviet Union, eastern Europe, and the People’s Republic of China. In such joint ventures, the venture partner in the market to be entered retains considerable or even complete autonomy, while realizing the advantages of technology transfer and management and production expertise from the parent concern. The establishment of joint ventures has often proved awkward in the long run for multinational corporations, which are likely to find their venture partners are formidable competitors when a more direct penetration of the new market is attempted. Multinational corporations are thus able to penetrate new markets in a variety of ways, which allow existing concerns in the market to be accessed a varying degree of autonomy and control over operations. While no one doubts the economic success and pervasiveness of multinational corporations, their motives and actions have been called into question by social welfare, environmental protection, and labor organizations and government agencies worldwide. National and international labor unions have expressed concern that multinational corporations in economically developed countries can avoid labor negotiations by simply moving their jobs to developing countries where labor costs are markedly less. Labor organizations in developing countries face the converse of the same problem, as they are usually obliged to negotiate with the national subsidiary of the multinational corporation in their country, which is usually willing to negotiate contract terms only on the basis of domestic wage standards, which may be well below those in the parent company’s country. Offshore outsourcing, or offshoring, is a term used to describe the practice of using cheap foreign labor to manufacture goods or provide services only to sell them back into the domestic marketplace. Today, many Americans are concerned about the issue of whether American multinational companies will continue to export jobs to cheap overseas labor markets. In the fall of 2003, the University of California-Berkeley showed that as many as 14 million American jobs were potentially at risk over the next decade. In 2004, the United States faced a half-trillion-dollar trade deficit, with a surplus in services. Opponents of offshoring claim that it takes jobs away from Americans, while also increasing the imbalance of trade. When foreign companies set up operations in America, they usually sell the products manufactured in the U. S. to American consumers. However, when U. S. companies outsource jobs to cheap overseas labor markets, they usually sell the goods they produce to Americans, rather than to the consumers in the country in which they are made. In 2004, the states of Illinois and Tennessee passed legislation aimed at limiting offshoring; in 2005, another 16 states considered bills that would limit state aid and tax breaks to firms that outsource abroad. Insourcing, on the other hand, is a term used to describe the practice of foreign companies employing U. S. workers. Foreign automakers are among the largest insourcers. Many non-U. S. auto manufacturers have built plants in the United States, thus ensuring access to American consumers. Auto manufacturers such as Toyota now make approximately one third of its profits from U. S. car sales. Social welfare organizations are similarly concerned about the actions of multinationals, which are presumably less interested in social matters in countries in which they maintain subsidiary operations. Environmental protection agencies are equally concerned about the activities of multinationals, which often maintain environmentally hazardous operations in countries with minimal environmental protection statutes. Finally, government agencies fear the growing power of multinationals, which once again can use the threat of removing their operations from a country to secure favorable regulation and legislation. All of these concerns are valid, and abuses have undoubtedly occurred, but many forces are also at work to keep multinational corporations from wielding unlimited power over even their own operations. Increased consumer awareness of environmental and social issues and the impact of commercial activity on social welfare and environmental quality have greatly influenced the actions of all corporations in recent years, and this trend shows every sign of continuing. Multinational corporations are constrained from moving their operations into areas with excessively low labor costs given the relative lack of skilled laborers available for work in such areas. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the modern consumer to the plight of individuals in countries with repressive governments mitigates the removal of multinational business operations to areas where legal protection of workers is minimal. Examples of consumer reaction to unpopular action by multinationals are plentiful, and include the outcry against the use of sweatshop labor by Nike and activism against operations by the Shell Oil Company in Nigeria and PepsiCo in Myanmar (formerly Burma) due to the repressive nature of the governments in those countries. Multinational corporations are also constrained by consumer attitudes in environmental matters. Environmental disasters such as those which occurred in Bhopal, India (the explosion of an unsafe chemical plant operated by Union Carbide, resulting in great loss of life in surrounding areas) and Prince William Sound, Alaska (the rupture of a single-hulled tanker, the Exxon Valdez, causing an environmental catastrophe) led to ceaseless bad publicity for the corporations involved and continue to serve as a reminder of the long-term cost in consumer approval of ignoring environmental, labor, and safety concerns. Similarly, consumer awareness of global issues lessens the power of multinational corporations in their dealings with government agencies. International conventions of governments are also able to regulate the activities of multinational corporations without fear of economic reprisal, with examples including the 1987 Montreal Protocol limiting global production and use of chlorofluorocarbons and the 1989 Basel Convention regulating the treatment of and trade in chemical wastes. In fact, despite worries over the impact of multinational corporations in environmentally sensitive and economically developing areas, the corporate social performance of multinationals has been surprisingly favorable to date. The activities of multinational corporations encourage technology transfer from the developed to the developing world, and the wages paid to multinational employees in developing countries are generally above the national average. When the actions of multinationals do cause a loss of jobs in a given country, it is often the case that another multinational will move into the resulting vacuum, with little net loss of jobs in the long run. Subsidiaries of multinationals are also likely to adhere to the corporate standard of environmental protection even if this is more stringent than the regulations in place in their country of operation, and so in most cases create less pollution than similar indigenous industries.

Should Men Be Allowed to Have More Than One Wife?

Argumentative Essay â€Å"Man fi have, nuff gal and gal ina bungle, gal from Rema and gal from Jungle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Is a popular song by Jamaican reggae artiste Beenie Man. The song suggests that men should have multiple partners, a belief to which many Jamaican men also subscribe. A man having more than one wife is called Polygyny a form of polygamy that has been much debated in a lot of countries for years. Polygyny although illegal in Jamaica, remains acceptable in many cultures who argues that it should be practiced here.However, Men should not be allowed to have more than one wife in Jamaica as this would cause our morals and values to deteriorate and contribute to more troubled marriages which will have a negative impact on the children produced by these marriages. Polygyny is a form of polygamy in which a man has more than one wife (oxford dictionary); helps in the deterioration of moral beliefs and values which will affect our structured system negatively.Polygyny is In a hi ghly Christian based country such as Jamaica men being allowed to have more than one wife will significantly fail from uplifting our moral beliefs of a stable family unit of one man, one woman and children. According to the BOHRD (2011), Christianity contributes to more than half the religious population. This religious group firmly believes that Polygyny should not be practiced and a marriage is the union between one man and one woman in which we as a country has adopted.To start allowing men to be able to have more than one wife will only deteriote our moral standards and belisfs. in almost every country where polygamy is practiced it is only polygyny which is allowed and women marrying more than one man are forbidden. Right there is a violation gender inequality as enshrined in (OECD. 2010) a . This act will promote a hypocritical and biased society when it comes to issues of men vs women and hence will promote the abuse of our women. Polygamy also caused many problems within the home between the two wives.Usually there is at least one wife who is not happy with the arrangement. This is because the new wife is usually younger and has more to offer than the first wife. This jealousy causes a lot of friction in polygamist marriages. If the man buys something for one wife he needs to get something for the other. Even with buying something for both wives one of them often claims that the other received something better. The same thing is true for what he buys for each of their children. This impossibility of satisfying multiple wives at the same time causes many conflicts in polygamist marriages.The results of these conflicts are anywhere from the mistreatment of the others children to trying to convince her husband to divorce the other wife. This is so common that in Eastern Africa if two wives of the same man get along together people say that he must have used magic on them to accomplish this. Do you see a man having multiple wives to be any particular benef it to females, or is the benefit largely to the male â€Å"husband? † And in this economy, many men cannot afford to maintain one household and family, let alone two or three equally for each wife.How can broke men aspire to be polygynous when they do not have the wealth to meet the standards of such a situation? Children from such families can no longer earn good education; for there is little to go round among three-four households. They can not afford a balanced meal; being subsistence farmers, who relay on the bounty of the land, when drought heats, they will have to go without food if they don't get from charitable people who are also short. Women turn to have less self esteem, they see themselves through the male's eyes. hen a woman stands by the mirror instead of seeing herself through her own imagination, she thinks of how he will see her, so she is using his imagination, to define herself-worthy. In my opinion, polygamy served its purpose in those times, but now, it has become the decadence of the family community, and society at large, destroying self-esteem in women, and bringing unmeasurable suffering on children born from such families. There are reports of happy families but these are few and they could be in denial of reality, one would suggest.

Typography and Professional Nursing

N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Week 2 Assignment Instructions: Personal Philosophy of Nursing Submit by 0800 Monday of Week 3. NOTE: You will create a new Word document for this Assignment instead of typing directly into this document. Overview: â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Nursing† In this week’s Assignment, you will draft a formal paper expressing your personal philosophy of nursing. In this paper, you will provide a framework for your personal practice of nursing and reflect on why you chose nursing as a profession.Your paper will define how you interact with patients, family members, other nurses, and other health care professionals. Since this is your first formal paper for the program, be sure to use the resources listed below to ensure you are using the proper formatting, scholarly language, and saving and submitting procedures as you write and submit your assignment. Resources ANA Code of Ethics, 2001* APA Module* http://isites. harvard. edu/icb /icb. do? keyword=apa_exposed (This is also printable. Follow instructions in the tutorial. Scholarly Writing Tips* (*Available in the Resource section of this week) MS Word Help and How-To Word 2007 – http://office. microsoft. com/enus/word/FX100649251033. aspx? CTT=96&Origin=CL100636481033 Word 2003 – http://office. microsoft. com/enus/word/FX100649261033. aspx? CTT=96&Origin=CL100636481033 Review your course readings, lecture, and your Week 2 Resources before completing this week’s Assignment. Performance Objectives †¢ Compose a personal philosophy of nursing. †¢ Correlate historical, ethical, and/or political factors influencing professional nursing practice with what you believe the core of nursing is and should be. Apply professional practice standards. †¢ Use correct grammar, punctuation, and American Psychological Association (APA) format in writing professional papers.  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 1 of 6 N3645 Transition to Profess ional Nursing Part A Rubric Use this rubric to guide your work on the Week 2 Assignment, â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Nursing. † Tasks Accomplished Proficient Needs Improvement ? Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper Format (Total 40 points) Title Page No mistakes in APA format (5 points) Headings and References Uses APA format for headings and to cite 2 references. 25 points) Writing Conventions Professional grammar, spelling, and punctuation; paragraphs of at least 3, well-written sentences (10 points) Title Page Errors in APA format (4 points) Headings and References Cites 1 reference and includes headings in APA format. (20 points) Writing Conventions No more than 8 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in the entire paper. (8 points) No Title Page (0 points) Headings and References Does not cite references and/or include headings. (0 points) Writing Conventions More than 8 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in the entire paper (5 points)  ©2008 UTA School of NursingPage 2 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Tasks ? Accomplished Introduction Writes a comprehensive overview of the paper in 1-2 paragraphs. (5 points) Choice of Nursing Clearly answers question in 2-3 paragraphs. (10 points) Essence of Nursing Clearly answers question in 2-3 paragraphs with correlations to historical, ethical, and political factors. (10 points) Beliefs and Values Answers each of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (15 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for all 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs. (10 points) Summary Answers both questions in separate paragraphs. 10 points) Proficient Introduction Writes an overview of the paper in 1-2 paragraphs. (4 points) Choice of Nursing Answers question in 1 paragraph. (8 points) Essence of Nursing Answers question in 2-3 paragraphs without correlation to historical, ethical, and political factors (8 points) Beliefs and Values Answers 3 of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (12 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for 2 of the 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs (8 points) Summary Answers 1 question in a separate paragraph. (8 points) Needs Improvement No Introduction (0 points) Content (Total 60 points)Choice of Nursing Does not answer question. (0 points) Essence of Nursing Does not clearly answer question. (5 points) Beliefs and Values Answers 1 or 2 of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (5 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for 1 of the 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs. (3 points) Summary Does not directly address either question. (4 points)  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 3 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper †¢ Use the following outline to guide composition of your personal philosophy of nursing. Follow both the content and format criteria in completing your composition. †¢ Open a new Word document, and save it to your Desktop with the filename, â€Å"yourname_Personal_Philosophy,† inserting your name in place of â€Å"yourname. † †¢ Begin your paper by setting the margins, font, and Header. (See MS Word Help. ) †¢ Click â€Å"Save† often to keep from accidentally losing your work. Content Criteria Section or Section Title Entire paper Description †¢ 1† margins all around †¢ Font – Times New Roman, 12 pt †¢ Double-spaced †¢ â€Å"Header† with short title and page How-To and Tips Select File – Page Setup†¦ †¢ Select Format – Font†¦ †¢ Select Format – Paragraph†¦ †¢ Select View – Header and number, right-justified Footer†¦ (Refer to the MS Word â€Å"Help and How To† links if you need help with any of these tasks. ) The short title should be in upperand lower-case, or â€Å"Title Case. † †¢ Professional grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and paragraphs compose d of at least 3 well-written sentences each Title Page †¢ Just below Header, include a â€Å"running †¢ See â€Å"Scholarly Writing Tips† head† as shown below, left-justified: (Replace â€Å"CAPITALIZED ABBREVIATED TITLE† with an abbreviated version of your paper’s title. See guidelines in section 5. 15 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition Running head: CAPITALIZED ABBREVIATED TITLE †¢ Title in upper half of page, centered, The running head appears only on the title page, and includes the words â€Å"Running head. † You can access the UTA directions and an example title page by looking in the Resources tab on the left menu of the course in Weeks 1-6. upper- & lower-cased letters (Title Case) o Title is content of unique paper, not assignment title; add your name or a unique descriptor to the title so not everyone’s is â€Å"Philosophy of Nursing. †¢ Student name, with â€Å"Un iversity of  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Texas Page 4 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A at Arlington† underneath †¢ The following information centered, 1† from the bottom: (Fill in course, faculty details. ) Your finished Title Page should resemble this snapshot: In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Course name and number Faculty name, credentials Submission date Online RN-BSN (Introduction) Overview of the paper (1-2 paragraphs) Put title of paper at the top, centered, in Title Case. No section title, just start paragraphs (Remember to indent each paragraph! )Choice of Nursing Why did you choose nursing? (2-3 paragraphs) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. Essence of Nursing What do you believe the core of nursing is and should be? Correlate historical, ethical, and/or political factors influencing professional nursing practice. (2-3 paragraphs) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) Beliefs and ValuesWhat do you believe about patients? ( 1 paragraph) What do you believe about the patient’s family and significant others? (1 paragraph) What do you believe about your fellow health care providers? (1 paragraph) What do you believe about your own  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 5 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A health? (1 paragraph) Vision for the Future What do you want to be doing in 2 years? (1 paragraph) 5 years? (1 paragraph) 10 years? (1 paragraph) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. Summary What strengths do you have that will support your achievement of your professional goals? (1 paragraph) What li mitations will you need to overcome to achieve your professional goals? (1 paragraph) References †¢ Title of this page is Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page; just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) â€Å"References† should be centered at the top of the page just below the header. Be sure to left-justify the first line of each citation, but indent subsequent lines 5 spaces. References centered on top of page †¢ At least 2 professional references. Put references in alphabetical order by author’s name. Submitting Your Assignment †¢ Click Open at the bottom of the Assignment screen, then click Browse and navigate to the Desktop where your paper is located. Select the final version of your paper to upload. (Look for the file â€Å"yourname_Personal_Philosophy†. ) †¢ When you’ve selected your paper, click Open in the â€Å"Choose document to submit† dialogue box to att ach the file. The path and filename should then show up in the â€Å"Attachment:† space. Click Close, then click Submit at the bottom of the Assignment screen. †¢  ©2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 6 of 6