Transformation of Work

bach of Science (Hons) In Marketing BMME1 1142A Type of Assign deformforcet Module reader Member UOB ID No. Date of Submission INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMATION OF overwork (BAFW4) MR JOHN NEO BOON LEONG KAM YONG KUAT 10038891 twenty-seventh JUNE 2012 Page 1 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of blend in (BAFW4), Individual Assign custodyt, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891) A critical refresh of an academic article concerned with certain aspects of new issues of work Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls Jobs for the boys?Men, masculinity and NonTraditional Occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol 9, No. 2 pp204-226 Introduction of Gender sequestration of the labour market By nature, there has always been strainal segregation through sex in all countries. This is the case, despite the differences in economic system or political situation in the incompatible argonas. Even though it has been a long while since wo custody piddle offendicipated in the working(a) force, women and men still range to work in diametrical industries, for unrivaled intellectual or an early(a).Research conducted by Simon Cross and Barbara Bagilhole (2002) has shown that men dominated industries like drivers of street goods vehicles, production works, maintenance managers, wargonhouse and storekeepers, technical and wholesale representatives. And on the other end of the spectrum, only two occupational groups are wholl y womanish lateralization ( more(prenominal) than 90%) nurses and care assistants. Other pistillate person dominated industries including riposte clerks, cashiers, catering assistants, primary and nursery school teachers and cleaners or internal helpers.Unfortunately, gender segregation operates both horizontally and vertically in the working force. Not only are men and women allocated qualitatively in different field or work, women happened to take form up the consider open majority of the overturn levels of the occupational hierarchy. Taking example from the nursing industry in the US, men makes up only the clear minority, yet, most are strongly encourage to apply for promotions into managerial positions.William (1992) has highlighted on a very interesting illustration of the glass ceiling to that of glass escalator in order to theorize the mens smooth and inexorable rise to senior management. legion(predicate) theories pick up been put forward to explain the persistence of gender divisions in employment, and it has mainly focused on womens inability to compete on equal terms to men in the labour market. (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002) Men, masculinity and non-traditional workAccording to research conducted by Hearn (1992), masculinity has been found to be utmost from uniform and it is let outn not as the essence of men, but kind of as a product of cultural and historical forces. There have been other theories that highlight that man who worked in untraditional occupations tended to present a less mannish g ender-type compared with men in traditional male-dominant occupations (Chusmir, 1990). Judging from the delight and media scene in Singapore, it seems to further prove what Chusmir (1990) has argued. 0% of make-up artist, styler and fashion designers tend to portray a more feminine persona, moving away from the traditional male masculinity. Some have even been regarded as a bazary godmother (David Gan Asiaone News, 2010). It may be due to the concomitant that clienteles from these industries are mainly female, thus the feminine persona, and eventually, homosexuality. But these withal further finish off the point that Collinson and Hearn (1996) made, that masculinities are socially produced, reproduced and indeed changeable.There are also arguments that suggests men adopted a transformed masculinity in nontraditional occupations such as teaching (Galbraith 1992) and men who reject stereotyped gender roles, and who performed non-traditional work, reported little or no gender r ole participation (Luhaorg and Zivian, 1995) Page 2 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891) Cross and Bagihole (2002) however maintain that masculinity is the shorthand for gender personal identity.And therefore, through this debate of the various subjects, it looked at ways in which masculinities are defined, transformed, (re)constructed, and maintained by men working in non-traditional jobs. Findings of the study of masculinity in non-traditional work single of the subject interviewed mention that care is seen as a predominantly female job because people see carers as being female, and aspects of caring like being empathic and tenuous to peoples needs are seen as something that men fuelt do.This has initiated the subject to challenge traditional ideas of appropriate gender behaviour in the work of a caring job. Another participant also highlighted the need to challenge the traditional culture of ge tting winding in the caring scene, even though he has been introduced to traditional masculine values since young, through the doings of his father and brother. He would be deemed as different from being a real men if he would to rent in caring work.One younger participant also noted that he have received adverse reactions when he mentioned to girls he met during a party, that he was a male nurse. He has to resort to lying about his occupation as women were not interested if hes a nurse. The vast majority of women will start to question his sexual orientation or start to share their problems with him. These are just a few of the challenges that the participants have shared with regard to their sexuality and masculine identity. Nonetheless, the participants also have their fair share of attempts in challenging the challenges.A male gynaecologist who was also part of the study highlighted that he often mat otherwise when he detect his female counterparts treating fellow female pati ents, and thought it was a bit shoddy. And because of that, he strives to ensure that he handles his patients with more tact and effort to ensure that his patients felt comfortable. This has gone down with well with his patients and he has been duly recognised for the efforts. One of the other participants, a male nurse, views his work as a long career, something that he will be doing for the rest of his life.With this attitude and approach, he tend to take the job more seriously and look to strive die than his female counterparts, whom many a times, enters the industry, viewing it just as a second job or something to do until something better comes along. (Re)constructing a different masculinity There are also the few that look to (re)construct a different masculinity, by identifying with their work as being better indications of their rightful(a) self (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002). The participants see their job as something that genuinely brings out their square(a) nature as a caring person.One of the male nurse gnarled in the study commented that he used not be able to express his emotions in public, due to the stereotypical views of the general public. But after(prenominal) joining the nursing industry, it has helped him to better express himself in a more liberating manner. He now has no problem sharing his emotions with people most him. This could also be the reason why based on modern reports, it has shown that more male nurses have been reported to enter the industry (More male nurse entering the industry Asiaone, Page 3 of 4 BMME1 1142ATransformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891) 2010). It could also be largely due to that fact that people have grown to understand and empathise that the work one does, is not a direct reflection of your sexual orientation or personality. Conclusion Based on the studies of the various subjects, Simon and Bagilhole (2002) was able to establish that the males a ny attempted to maintain a traditional masculinity by distancing themselves from female colleagues, and/or partially (re)constructed a different masculinity by identifying with their non-traditional occupations.The men involved in the study have also shown to be actively maintaining traditional male values, and not challenging their gender identity. When challenged about their masculinity, some of the subjects have maintained themselves as the dominant gender by reformulating the comprehension of their work as being more mens work, for example, by denying that a care-takers job involves caring only. It has a certain cistron of planning and management involved that will make the male dominance stands out. Just as how Segal (1999) argued, men have remained the dominant sex by constantly refashioning masculinity.Through this study, it is apparent that men have been able to successfully maintain their traditional advantages even in female-dominated workplaces. Even in female-dominated workplaces such as nursing, it does not naturally set the change or biasness in the womens favour. The mens behaviour and practices contributes to their dominance in the industry. kit and boodle CITED Feminine Males within Entertainment Industry Yoshio http//www. whatshappening. sg/events/index. php? com=detail&eID=51825 David Gan http//news. asiaone. com/News/The%2BNew%2BPaper/ fable/A1 narration20101110 -246661. tml More male nurses entering the industry http//www. asiaone. com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100712-226496. html Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls Jobs for the boys? Men, Masculinity and Non -Traditional Occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol 9, No. 2 pp204-226 Chusmir, L. H. (1990) Men who make non-traditional career choices. Journal of Counselling and Development, 69 (September-October), 11-16 Galbraith, M. (1992) Understanding career choices of men in elementary education. Journal of Educational Research. 85,4 (March-April), 246-53 Hearn, J. 1992) Men in the customary Eye The Construction and Deconstruction of Public Men and Public Patriarchies. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge Luhaorg, L. and Zivian, M. T. (1995) Gender role conflict the interaction of gender, gender role, and occupation . arouse Roles, 33,9/10, 607-20 Segal, L. (1999) Why Feminism? Cambridge Polity Press Williams, C. L. (1992) The glass escalator inexplicable advantages for men in the female professions. Social Problems 39,3, 253-67 Page 4 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891)