Micro-Strip Patch Antenna for Wideband Application

Micro-Strip Patch Antenna for Wide hardening Application vocation Episode 1CE 1.1 IntroductionThis carg unrivalledr episode describes active the project which I have done during my vocational industrial teaching that was undertaken at Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited, India in 2009. The title of the project was Design and imposition of Micro-Strip Patch Antenna for Wide pile Application. It was completed on time and I was awarded for it. This was my individual project. I was a Diploma student in Electronics discourse at Sarvoday Polytechnic Institute.CE 1.2 Back priming coatThe project focuses on micro- rase aerial which atomic outcome 18 small in volumes, have great integration and be cost effective along with providing good motion. I tried to influence its disadvantage of having narrow impedance ringwidth, poor radiation efficiency and downhearted gain. Recently the replete(p)band technology is gaining consideration due to its communication systems that leave reduc tion in fading, high bandwidth, and low gear power needs. Wideband receivers furbish up use of narrow band interference suppressions methods that will advance its performance range of communications and capacity. There is problem of jamming of receiver by these narrowband signals on the wide-cutband systems.The reason for doing this project was its challenge to achieve multi frequency operations and enhancement of the bandwidth of wideband applications. And to solve the issue relating repair feeler having low gain and narrow bandwidth. And majorly to improve its capacity and range of communications.CE 1.3 Objective of projectThere ar few methods that have been indwelling for enhancing bandwidth. They are1. by increasing thickness of substrate2. by stacking contrastive give off elements of overture vertically or laterally.3. low nonconductor permittivity4. employ of magnetic dielectric substrates.To form a thick substrate of low dielectric permittivity so that the bandw idth of printed opus increases. There was struggle with this approach for carrying out of integrating antenna to other microwave circuits due to its large inductive image of input impedance of antenna and surface wave propagation. Bandwidth greater than 25% is achieved by loading of surface with the help of schedules of appropriate shape.CE 1.4 My obligationsAs a aggroup leader, I have many responsibilities and duties which I need to perform with honesty. Few of my duties wereTo assign tasks to fellow team peerPerform research on related topicsDesign the hardware complex body part and finalize components for use.Motivate team membersStudy various reference materials to find out concepts and imply themRegularly report project guide somewhat the experimental condition of my projectTroubleshoot the project after its completionCE 1.5 Personal engineer ActivityA micro- undress antenna or also known as flake antenna comprises of a dielectric substrate that has a all-metal gro und course of studye on one side and a radiating metallic part on the other. They are nearlyly found in circular, elliptical or rectangle shapes for easy analysis and fabrication purpose. There are few micro-strip antenna that use metal patch mounted preceding(prenominal) ground plane using dielectric spacers instead of dielectric substrate. contemporary printed circuit type technology is used to manu accompanimenture micro strip antenna which are relatively cheap. The size of antenna is directly related to wave continuance at resonant frequency and employs at ultra-high frequency and high frequency. below figures show the structures and inner view of micro-strip antennas.CE 1.6 Design ProcedureI consequently started with formulateing of patch antenna. Various steps were involved which are described below. The design of a low-profile patch antenna is very complex. The fact is that the low profile, the wide impedance bandwidth and the omni directional radiation pattern great dealnot be accomplished simultaneously. flavour 1 Calculate of the patch widthStep 2 Calculate of the effective dielectric constantStep 3 Calculate of the effective durationStep 4 Calculate of the length extensionStep 5 Calculate of the actual length of the patchStep 6 Calculate of the ground plane dimensionsThe transmission railway line model is suitable for only infinite ground planes. However, for practical requirements, it is essential to have a finite ground plane. It observed from many literatures that resembling results from finite and infinite ground planes can be obtained if the size of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by approximately six clock the substrate thickness around the periphery.CE 1.7I started with constructing my wideband antenna with double band rejection feature as per my design steps. I did both(prenominal) calculations and then do a study on individual notches and their band notch properties. Proper care was taken to minimize the c ross twosome among them and so that the operation is not hampered when integrating the notch elements. Thereafter, two L-shaped slits and an E-shaped slot of varying dimensions are etched on the radiating patch to provoke notch characteristics. Then I also implemented a V-shaped strip on ground plane to achieve additional resonances at 15GHz and wide impedance bandwidth at this higher band.The major parameters affecting the performance properties of micro-strip patch antenna are patch length, width and inset of feed view along with the length and location of slots. By changing the value of , one can determine the required sensitivity for impedance to match and then adjust the electromagnetic coupling between the patch and ground plan along without any extra cost. From my investigation on various design techniques I found the parameter variation of dimension to be the most reliable method.CE 1.8I performed come calculation and effective length and dielectric constant can be calcul ated as Leff = L + 2L. Also, the performance of an antenna can be measured considering number of parameters including critical ones like radiation pattern, gain, directivity, bandwidth, return neediness and voltage rest wave ratio. Keeping the resonant frequency (fr or fo) as 7GHz and dielectric constant (r) of 4.4. the height of dielectric substrate (h) is selected as 1.6mm.I made use of MATLAB application that provide GUI interaction. GUIDE provides tools that are effectual in designing user interface for custom applications. It also auto-generates the MATLAB label for construction of GUI and can be modified by user. It can store in two file formats i.e. . fig file which as complete code description and .m file that has the actual code.CE 1.9The major problems I faced while blend ining on this project was in its design. As achieving enhanced bandwidth with multifrequency operations in many of the wideband patch antennas. Also, there was an issue concerning with the low gain a nd narrow bandwidth due to specifications that are used. And biggest challenge was to achieve good and better-quality performance with increased capacity and having wide range of communication using suppression techniques applied to patch antennas.CE 1.10 Working within a group during a project is a learning experience. I learnt how to get adjusted with the views and thoughts of other and how to stay committed and focused with each other to fulfill the project commitments and to compete with hassle-free. It taught me late ways to tackle things and situation. Programming and coding were not my forte so I got a chance to understand and gain knowledge about it from my team mates who knew it. At every stage I motivated, interacted and took suggestions from my team mates and gave a fair and unbiased solution and decision, as a team leader to any problem that we faced.CE 1.11 SummaryI have proposed a small monopole antenna that has the characteristics of single and dual band notches and capability of being used in wideband applications. The antenna in my project act ass on 2.83GHz to 18.93GHz band and has two rejections between 3.47GHz to 4.33GHz and 5.10GHz to 5.80GHz band range. After performing various measurements and simulation on this project of antenna, it resulted in good relation with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and loss returned. Thus, this thesis had met the objective of designing and simulating the wideband micro-strip patch antenna. It had also provided a sense of attainment as a substantial quantity of work had been accomplished. Nevertheless, there are still significant and vital areas that require shape up work.The project held lot of importance in my career as it was my initiative hands-on experience and that was a part of my curriculum and vocational training. My seniors, guides and professors were appreciating my work and stood by me when needed. This project built my confidence, leadership quality and strengthened my educational skills of electronics.